Intelligence

Intelligence - Able to learn form experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

• Socially constructed -> culturally specific
• One or more abilities - Factor Analysis - a stat procedure that ID's clusters of related items on a test
• Spearman used to discover "g"
• Multiple INT - Gardner disagrees, theory comes from savants
• Visual/Spatial, Verbal/Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Bodily/Kinesthetic, Musical/Rhythmic, Inter/Intrapersonal, Natural

3 Aspects of INT- Simple-Analytical, Creative, Practical

Emotional INT - Soc. INT, ABC to perceive, express, understand, and control emotions

Brain size &  INT - +.15 correlation b/t head size and INT; MRI -> +.44 correlation with size & IQ

Brain Functions & INT - High use less active than hows (glucose); Neurological speed faster.

To assess INT

• Mental age - Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon; Person of age should know.
• Can predict future performance-test on children
• IQ - Binet's research for modern IQ test called Stanford-Binet Test
• Prob - Inconsistent on adults
  
• Wechster Adult INT scale - 11 subtests and strength aves w/ FA
• Aptitude vs. Achievement - Test to predict future performance ability vs. test to assess what person has learned

Tests

• Standardization - Pre-tested to represent sample of people and form bell curve - Flynn Effect
• Reliability - Extent which test has consistent results over time (Split-halves, Test & Retest)
• Validity - Extent to measure needed measures
• Content - Sample behavior of interest
• Predictive - Predict future behavior
• Change? - Age 3 - Child's IQ able IQ; Crystallized or fluid
• Group Difference - Bell curve different for whites vs. blacks; Math different across genders; high in males
• Why? Nature vs. Nurture
• Test Bias - Tests discriminate; purpose could be discrimination; find type of discrimination